Platinum is a pro-iron element and also has obvious sulfophilicity. In addition to the formation of elemental mineral “natural platinumâ€, platinum often forms intermetallic compounds with other platinum group elements such as iron, nickel, copper, silver, gold, etc., and non-metallic or strong sulfur, selenium, tellurium and arsenic. Compounds that are simple or complex, such as ruthenium and osmium, can even form intermetallic compounds with tin, lead, indium, and the like. Therefore, there are many minerals involved in the natural world by platinum.
Platinum hardness is 4--4.5, gold is 2.5; platinum density is 21.45g/cm3, gold is 19.32g/cm3; platinum melting point is 1769 degrees Celsius, gold is 1064 degrees Celsius; platinum is chemically stable; not at the normal temperature with hydrochloric acid or nitric acid Sulfuric acid and organic acids play a role in the "most corrosion-resistant metal", but dissolve a king of water. Platinum has excellent oxidation resistance and good catalytic properties, as well as thermoelectricity. Platinum can be stretched into a fine wire of 0.001 mm in diameter and hammered into a 0.127 micron thick foil. 1 gram of platinum will not break even if it is drawn into a 1.6 km long filament.
The reserves of platinum in nature are much less than that of gold. According to incomplete statistics, the total reserves of platinum in the world is about 14,000 tons (the total reserves of platinum-group mineral resources is about 31,000 tons), only 5% of gold reserves, and the volume is about 653 cubic meters, that is to say; the global platinum reserves can only be filled with three sets of three-bedroom. One ounce of platinum needs to be extracted from tens of tons of platinum ore for five months. Although there are more than 60 countries The discovery of platinum ore, but the world's total reserves of 98% of the platinum is highly concentrated in South Africa and Russia, the most amazing is that only a few countries in two countries have such rare minerals. South Africa, Azania The platinum reserves are about 12,000 tons. It is the most famous platinum deposit in the world. It is the largest platinum deposit in the world. The platinum reserves in Russia are 1866 tons. It was found in the Ural sand platinum mine and weighed 8--9. The natural platinum of the public hall also received 427.5 grams of natural platinum in the primary mine.
In addition, the United States, Canada and Colombia also have a certain amount of reserves. China's platinum reserves are more than 300 tons, and platinum mines are mainly concentrated in the three provinces of Gansu, Yunnan and Sichuan in the west. Among the three provinces, there are three major deposits, namely Baijiazui in Jinchuan, Gansu, Jinbaoshan in Yunnan's Midu and Yangliuping in Sichuan. Among them, Baijiazui Platinum reserves account for 90% of China's total reserves.
Now, the annual production of platinum in the world is only about 90 tons per year, far less than gold, and platinum is more difficult to refine than gold, so its price is more expensive than gold. China's annual output of platinum is about 4 tons.
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