Large-scale farming, interlocking quality control, and strict quality management, these industrialization and standardization processes are indispensable to create the world recognized Australian wool quality. Today, we will start to share how Australian wool is controlled. Quality.
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In October 2016, Xu Shuibo, party secretary and deputy director of China Fiber Inspection Bureau, led a delegation to visit Australia and conducted consultations on the implementation of wool quality inspection cooperation, inspection technology and management, and inspection data applications. Visiting places are AVINGTON Ranch, Victoria, Australia, AWH Wool Auction Center, AWTA Wool Inspection Co., Ltd. and its Melbourne Wool Testing Laboratory.
Australian wool overview
Australian sheep are dominated by Merino sheep, including superfine merino sheep (SUP), Merino sheep (M, FO or SM), hybrid sheep (CBK, FX, MX, CX and CD), Dunes Sheep (DN), carpet wool sheep (CW) and downed sheep (SB) are classified into 12 species by diameter.
The range of wool diameter of different breeds of sheep is different: the diameter of superfine Merino wool is between 12μm~18.5μm, the diameter of Merino lamb's wool is between 18.6μm~34μm, the diameter of hybrid sheep's CBK wool is between 21μm~26μm, FX and CD wool diameter is 27μm~31μm, MX wool diameter is 32μm~35μm, CX wool diameter is 36μm or more, when Enns sheep wool diameter is between 24μm~32μm, there is a small amount of carpet wool wool (34μm or more) and down hair Sheep wool.
From 2015 to 2016, the number of sheared sheep was 73.4 million, and the shearing volume was about 340,000 tons. Australian wool has a net hair rate of 65% to 70%, an average diameter of 16 μm to 40 μm, a length of 6 mm to 210 mm, and is mainly export-oriented, of which 80% of wool is sold in China.
The Australian wool industry has formed a complete industrial chain with clear division of labor, clear responsibilities, and high degree of social service.
The rancher is only responsible for the initial sorting of sheep, mechanical shears, and wool quilts. The wool is graded by registered wool graders with professional qualifications. The packaging company then packs the wool and delivers it to the wool broker.
The wool brokerage industry is the link between pastoralists and woolen companies. It is mainly responsible for guiding and supervising the management of shearing sites, collecting the wools harvested in the surrounding pastures, pooling them in warehouses of brokerage companies, and providing agency sales services.
AWTA Co. Ltd. is responsible for wool quality inspection and issuing inspection certificates, and uses the results as a basis for pricing. The Australian Wool Trading Company (AWEX) is responsible for formulating rules for the trading of wool market and organizing market auction activities.
(I) Scale farming
Australian sheep farming is based on private ranches. There are more than 30,000 grazing farms in Australia. Each ranch has its own pastures. The area ranges from a few hundred hectares to thousands of hectares, and the scale of sheep rearing ranges from 2000 to 3,000. The average number of stocks is about 5,000, and the average annual output of sheep is 4.1kg to 4.5kg.
Due to the large-scale farming, the ranch not only owns its own sheep house, but also has its own owner classifiers, shearing sheds, and unified package-type packing equipment. Larger scale and better conditions for pastures, such as the AVINGTON ranch visited this time. , Also equipped with a small net hair rate, laser fineness testing equipment for on-site wool grading inspection.
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Pastures are generally farmed in a circle, combined in a rotational grazing system, and reared in a standardized manner. That is, under similar conditions and grazing conditions, similar breeds of sheep are stocked together, and the ram is separated from the ewes and the “five species†(same species, In the same year, same-sex, same-environment, same feed, feeding and management, this is the basis for the formation of uniform wool batches. This group (or batch) of sheep has the same characteristics of fleece quality.
The rancher is a wool production manager. The main tasks are to eliminate pollution risks, recommend shearing sequences, prepare shearing sheds and supporting facilities, ranch employees, graders and grading templates, communication information and national hair reports.
Eliminating pollution is a measure of quality control in the production process:
The first is to reduce the contamination of excreta. Within 3 months before the shearing begins, the sheep are subjected to fly-proofing and hair removal to remove the hairs of the hips, rams and rams, and to empty the shearing shed before the sheep enters. Contamination of wool, in the State Department’s report of a colored, myelinated fiber risk plan, illustrates the history of fleeing the Merino flock.
The second is to prevent the contamination of colored (black or brown) fibers. Any sheep is found to have or risk the presence of colored fibers in the coat hair. All sheep should be sheared after Aries; black and dark-colored sheep should be separated from Aries. Come out and finally cut the hair. If coloured fibres are found, all fleece must be placed in a suitable container, since such tufts have a high risk of containing other invisible coloured fibres. In the process of shearing Aries, colored wool is found and should be removed and thrown into the trash. Once on the shearing table, the sheep's fleece, belly hair and lock hair should be placed in a container. The back of the container is clearly marked. Dark wool. If black or colored contaminated fleece is less than a pack, batch grading will be done (marked BC).
The third is to avoid contact with sheep breeds. Sheep breeds have a high risk of colored, myelinated fibers. Ranchers must report to the grader any contact between white sheep and woolly sheep since the previous shearing, in the National Trust’s non-ferrous and myelinated fiber risk plan. statement. At any time, the Merino ewes that touched the ram fell apart from other Merino ewes. Crossbred lambs produced from ungry rams are separated from lambs that have no colored, myelinated fibers. Before the white sheep enter, clean the paddock, yard, sheep house, and transportation tools to minimize the impact of falling hair.
The fourth is to reduce the use of chemicals and markers. If it is necessary to mark sheep with liquids or sprays, use a washable product and use it according to the manufacturer's instructions. Mark immediately after shearing. Otherwise, do not wash off in less than 12 months. . Do not use organic solvents, do not overuse the marking fluid, do not use it on lambs, weaners, or identify sheep to be sheared. Before shearing, the ranch mainly prepares shearing sheds and supporting facilities, ranch employees, graders and grading templates, and communication contact methods. In conjunction with the grader's formulation of the shearing plan, the staff meeting is convened for a clear purpose, the division of responsibilities is performed, and the tanks are named according to regulations. Describes the packaging and package requirements, the requirements for the preparation of each group of sheep, the order of entering the shearing shed, the procedures for the treatment of flies and goats in the flock or non-fly-proof flock, preparation of the shear table, flock schedule, acceptance of classification It is the joint responsibility of the production, grading, packing, and shearing personnel to check the contamination of wool processing areas, eliminate all sources of pollution and prevent wool contamination.
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After completing the grading, packing, and brushing, complete the national hair report, including: ranch owner ID identification code, the owner of the transaction name, contact telephone number, property trademark, property identification code and location, declaration date, according to the number of sheep group by group Fill in the number of packages and/or package number range, age, breed, and gender code, whether it is in contact with the sheep, whether there is contamination of the feces, and the status code (NM or PR), and the ranch will mainly sign the statement.
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