黄金不仅可以做首饰 还能变成抗击癌症的“子弹”

说到黄金，大家可能会第一时间想到那些昂贵的黄金饰品，事实上黄金因其性质稳定，也多被用于制作一些医疗器具，比如心血管支架、假牙等等，那么黄金在医疗领域的应用又是否能更进一步呢，答案当然是肯定的，最近就有科学家发现黄金可以用来更有效地对抗癌症。

通常来说，治疗癌症多为切除肿瘤之后进行放疗或是化疗，将残留的癌细胞杀死，但是这一过程也会造成患者自身正常细胞被消灭，副作用巨大，稍有不慎甚至会丢掉性命。关于使用黄金来抗击癌症也并不是最近才进行的研究，最近这十年来就已经出现了一种黄金纳米手术(nanosurgery)，不过这样的手术并没有真正临床运用，因为研究者们一直在想办法让这些黄金纳米粒子具备区分正常细胞与癌细胞的能力，以及如何更有效率地杀死癌细胞。

为了达到区分出癌细胞的目的，研究者将一种可以辨识癌细胞表面蛋白的抗体覆在奈米粒子上，这样就可以让黄金纳米粒子更有效率地进入癌细胞发挥抗癌作用。最近这项技术又有了一个新的突破，使用一种波长为782纳米的近红外光照射组织内的黄金粒子极短时间便可以让其迅速发热，这意味着那些进入癌细胞的黄金粒子可以通过加热的方式对癌细胞进行破坏消灭。

关于这些用于手术的黄金粒子应该选取怎样的尺寸，研究者表示60纳米左右是最好的，因为如果小于10纳米就会被癌细胞轻易排出，但如果大于100纳米就很难进入癌细胞，至于为什么是60纳米最佳，主要还是考虑到其尺寸可以将正向作用发挥至最大，如果配合上述提到的照射加热疗法，那么60纳米的黄金粒子则会提供足够的受热面积。

目前这项技术已经在实验小鼠身上取得了成功，并且进行了该项手术治疗的小鼠其癌症不会再复发，但何时用于人类，现在还没有一个明确的日期，不管怎么说，这都是癌症治疗研究的一个重要进步。

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